Bosses from hell do exist and some won't think twice about exploiting you, setting you up for a brilliant promotion then giving you the boot without warning.
In circumstances such as these, all you want to do is give them hell, but don't ruin your health over it and think about bouncing back fast.
If you want to, take your case to a tribunal, but in order not to appear embittered and aggressive, try and be objective and draw some plus points from the experience: you'll have more experience on your CV, you'll get to learn all about employees' rights, you'll get an exciting new job, your old workmates will now just be your friends, etc etc. It's kind of an indirect way of thanking them!